VIE structure risk: why you own a contract, not the equity
How the variable interest entity (VIE) structure works in US-listed Chinese companies: the offshore holding company, the contractual stack, and what the shareholder actually owns.
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Short reference guides to how US-listed Chinese companies and ADRs work: what a shareholder actually owns, which rules can force a delisting, and how the listing venues differ. Each guide sticks to facts drawn from public filings and rules.
ADR delisting and the HFCAA: the audit-inspection clock
What the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act does, how the PCAOB inspection clock works, and what a US trading prohibition mechanically means for an ADR holder.
HK dual-listings, primary conversion and H-shares
Secondary vs dual-primary Hong Kong listings, ADR-to-HK-share fungibility, primary conversion and Stock Connect eligibility, and what an H-share actually is.
Red chip vs P-chip: how the HK listing taxonomy works
The three-bucket taxonomy of China-linked stocks in Hong Kong — H-shares, red chips and P-chips — what defines each, and why the classification matters.
Looking for running records rather than explainers? See the trackers, or the Greater China coverage hub.
Explainers from the Octans Research Team are informational only and are not investment advice, a recommendation, or an offer to buy or sell any security.